These blood tests assess the levels of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream. Common thyroid hormones measured include thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Abnormal levels can indicate conditions such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid Antibody Tests:
Tests for thyroid antibodies, such as anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, help diagnose autoimmune thyroid disorders like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Thyroid Imaging:
Ultrasound imaging of the thyroid gland can provide detailed information about the gland’s size, structure, and the presence of nodules or cysts.
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU) Test:
This nuclear medicine test measures the thyroid’s ability to take up and retain iodine. It is often used to assess thyroid function in hyperthyroidism.
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy:
If thyroid nodules are detected, an FNA biopsy may be performed to extract a small tissue sample for examination, helping determine if the nodule is benign or cancerous.
Thyroid Scan:
A thyroid scan involves using a small amount of radioactive material to create images of the thyroid. It can help identify abnormalities in the gland’s structure and function.
Calcitonin Test:
This blood test measures the levels of calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Elevated levels may indicate medullary thyroid cancer.
Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) Test:
This test helps diagnose and monitor Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid Hormone Resistance Testing:
In cases where thyroid hormone levels are normal but symptoms persist, testing for thyroid hormone resistance may be considered.
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